Current Topic in Ethics Essay

The article speaks about a recent incident that took place in Brazil, which brought in to light the ethical and moral values of humans. The story had a two sided approach the first one being from the church of Brazil and the second one from the government side. The incident is regarding a step father raping her 9 year old daughter. The girl confessed that she was under a sexual assault from her step father since the age of 6(Yahoo News, 2009). The man was also convicted of sexually abusing the girl’s 14 year old handicapped sister. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, head of the Catholic Church’s Congregation for Bishops said that the abortion carried out by the doctors under the decision of the girl’s mother was totally wrong and the twins that the girl carried had a right to live. On the other hand President Luiz Ignacio Lula da Silva had other views on the matter. He said that according to the law of Brazil where abortion is illegal and allowed only in case where the health of the child bearing women is endangered the Bishop is totally wrong. The girl had actually been brought to the hospital after several stomach cramps and it was found that she is pregnant and carrying twins. At the age of 9 doctors commented that it was impossible for the girl to bear the children and an abortion was the only viable option left. As the doctor involved in the abortion Rivaldo Albuquerque said that it was important for us to save the life of the girl(Yahoo News,2009). Ethical Issues The article raised several ethical issues regarding human rights and social rights. Firstly the rape case as the man had committed was illegal and should be punished according to the government law of the country. Secondly the issue of child abuse as an ethical issue is also being raised by this incident which is another offense of the law and needs to be punished. Third and the most important issue which has been raised by this incident are of abortion which according to the law of Brazil is illegal. The fourth issue has been raised to contradict the third one which is another face of the same law of abortion which is banned. Abortion is only allowed in case the health of the child bearing women is endangered. The fifth ethical issue is the sexual assault of the other handicapped girl sister of the girl which was actually sexually assaulted. All these ethical issues have come forward due to this incident and need to be taken care of by the Brazilian government. Ethical Theories There are many ethical theories and fields of ethics that are present but only some that are relevant would be applied to this case. We will consider each theory one by one and apply it on the case to deduct a result. Greek Philosophy Socrates emphasized that a person to be ethically correct needs to realize the importance of human life and existence. A person would act rightly and correctly if he or she is self aware and knows the importance of life. Bad deeds or evil deeds are a result of ignorance and if the person knows the consequences of doing wrong he or she would never commit that act (MacKinnon, 2008). According to the theory of Socrates the man who committed the assault was unaware of the consequences of the act to be specific he thought that he would get away with his actions but only the pregnancy of the girl brought up the matter. The case of abortion according to this Greek philosophy is a bit controversial as the importance of human life needs to be considered and in this case whether to save the girl or the twins she was carrying was a decision to be made. Normative Ethics This field of ethics focuses on the rightness and wrongness of actions to judge whether they are ethical or not. The theory says that actions were mainly judged by the intentions of a person as in whether they are right or wrong (Kagan, 1997). According to this theory the man in the case is found guilty of committing a crime and should be punished accordingly as his intention was truly wrong and hence his actions also become wrong. Then the abortion of the child was also morally ethical as the life of the girl was endangered by her pregnancy, hence according to this theory the decision of abortion is also ethically correct. Meta Ethics This approach of ethics is a bit different from other approaches as it looks at the reasons for the truth and decides up on the validity of the reasons as to whether the actions that led to the truth were ethical or non ethical (Miller, 2003). According to this theory the actions of the man were totally unethical as the man had committed an immoral act, which is the truth. The reason for this act was his uncontrollable desires, which were unethical. Abortion was performed because it was the only option through which the girl could be saved. The reason for the abortion was the fact that the doctors had to save the life of the girl and could take no risks, hence the act of abortion was morally ethical. Descriptive Ethics This is a newer field of ethics than normative ethics and focuses on the choices that were available to the person and the one he or she picked according to that his or her actions are judged to be ethical or not. According to this theory the man is still found to be guilty and should be punished as the choices he made were ethically incorrect and on the other hand the abortion done by the doctors was also morally ethical as they had limited choices and needed to save the girl. The doctors agreed on the fact that the girl who was only 9 years old could not carry the burden of pregnancy and hence had to be saved through abortion. Conclusion During this paper we looked up on different theories and fields of ethics. These fields and theories were applied on the case and the deduction of whether this ethical issue were correctly dealt or not was focused. The conclusion is not merely my own decision but the result of applying the ethical theories on the case. These theories when applied clearly highlight the fact that the man should be punished according to the law of Brazil and the decision of abortion made by the mother of the girl and carried out by the doctors was a correct one in the circumstances that were presented. References: Kagan S. (1997) Normative Ethics, Westview Press. MacKinnon B. (2008) Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. Wadsworth Publishing. Miller A. (2003) An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics, Polity. Yahoo News (March 8, 2009). Vatican defends Brazil excommunication. Retrived on March 10, 2009 from http://au. news. yahoo. com/a/-/world/5375029/vatican-defends-brazil-excommunication/

Characters in “Saving Sourdi” Essay

In Saving Sourdi, the little sister, Nea attempts numerous times to save her sister. First Nea attempts to save Sourdi from an unruly customer. At which she gets berated not only from her mother but also Sourdi. The second time is from Sourdi’s boyfriend Buck. The third time is from an older man, her Uncle’s friend, with which Soursi marries. The fourth time she involves Buck when she attempts to save her from her husband. The setting is simply contemporary America, South Dakota and Iowa. If the author hadn’t mentioned the rapper Snoop-Dog and given a reference to the candy bar Payday and the store 7-11, I could have dated this work to be in the 20’s trough to the 50’s because of the stereotypical way the daughter gets married off to an older man. The author characterizes Nea with what I call â€Å"little man† syndrome, she is in constant readiness to fight for her sister, however she doesn’t go about it with common sense. Nobody seems to understand Nea, least of all her sister Sourdi. All she attempts to do is save Sourdi, however Nea is not looking at the big picture. There is nothing or no one from which to save Sourdi. The characterization of Sourdi is the stereotypical Chinese/American in which she does exactly what her family expects of her, even if it is something that she is against. The author characterizes their Ma as someone who cares only for the restaurant and the family’s reputation, however that it not fair to their mother. She may fear if they lose the restaurant they could lose the right to stay in the states. We are never told. Buck is characterized as a person whom to protect Sourdi from at first and then a champion whom will fight for Sourdi, who is in the middle of an abusive relationship. When in fact we are never told why Sourdi was crying to her Ma, it could have been the fact that she is pregnant and doesn’t know how to deal with her baby and pregnancy at the same time. Nea never learns that the most important thing to her sister and mother is family. McCarty 2 I would have preferred the writing to be in first person than third person. It may have changed the way I felt about the way the family treated Nea. Works Cited Chai, May-lee, Saving Sourdi (2001)

Research Reflection

If I had one Job to choose in this world it would be a veterinarian specializing in equine. When I was little this was what I knew I wanted to grow up and do, even knowing I would have to go to school for what seemed to be forever to receive my doctorate. Since before I was walking I was riding horses, which lead into the rodeo route when I turned eleven and was the main focus point my whole life and if there's passion I had, it was rodeo.The environment and passion rodeo provided me made me want to become a vet so much more; I wanted to know everything possible. When I was about sixteen is when I realized how much I wanted to pursue being a veterinarian. I was on the rodeo road hard core at this point in my life, it even took me out of normal high school to be home schooled while on the road. My main horse was getting hurt on a regular basis which led me to develop a close relationship with a vet who was an equine specialist.When you're a vet you can work for yourself and if it is s omething you enjoy and want to have the knowledge and willingness to learn, you will be successful by the knowledge and the fact that people will trust you with their animals that they hold lose to their hearts. The hours may be long and tiring but when you enjoy your work the hours don't seem as long as they are. When someone puts their trust into you, you appreciate that and don't want to let them down. Its not Just an animal to people, it's like a child and for some people they can have up to half a million dollars invested.The work environment is so amazing as you are inside and outside helping what you love, for me its horses. When you walk into the office to advise you're there for your appointment your greeting with smiling faces to make you comfortable owing you're in good hands. You have places to unload and place your horses while your waiting so they are not uncomfortable if they are in pain or sick. My goals in this role of life would first to be to finish school top in the class showing the knowledge and education provided to me.I would want to have an internship with a well-known and trusted equine vet to establish and create the knowledge of someone who has been in the business and established. I would want to open my own business after I have created a small knowledge for the customers for myself. Once my business was opened I would want to have another veterinarian on board to handle the over boarding of many customers and emergency services for patients. I would want to create and share knowledge with customers and establish for the long run of the work place.I would want to be trusted and a well-known place to go when you're in need of any help with your equine. My interest were much conformed into a lot of different major categories, unfortunately my dream Job of a veterinarian was not on there. The closest thing to my interest would be animal caretaker. With my dream major not being listed, it Just wows me that my interest are more geared to creating of animals. The education level needed for an animal caretaker is only a high school diploma and previous work experience. The annual salary is only about $21 ,OHO.O which is another reason to me that sometimes the things you enjoy Just are not good ideas for the economy the way it is. Currently before completing my education that is less than half of my annual salary. My prior knowledge I was very well aware that unless you can struggle, or make it through school you cannot follow your heart to a small time Job that satisfied our needs; when it is that situation makes that your hobby not career. Parker, Heather M. â€Å"CUFF. Org – Interest Profiler. † CUFF. Org – Interest Profiler. College Foundation, 14 July 2014. Web. 4 July 2014 My dream Job of a vet compared to an animal caretaker differs in a few different ways from the salary to structure. The salaries vary greatly from a five figure annual salary to up to six. The Job satisfaction would be t he same but as an animal caretaker you will not be able to provide care to heal or verify an illness. You will not have the same petition and the status in the community of the equine world; more of a barn hand to the owner on the supply chain. As a vet you have the same legal liabilities as a doctor with humans, you have to care and be passionate.Ethical values are a moral code each of us has grown into as a personality; it has become part of you good or bad. The NAVA has established a set of principles and they are available online as well, they are well rounded values everyone should stand up to. You never want to portray unprofessional; you want to uphold your profession. You want to treat your customers as if you wanted to be rated. You never want to take advantage of them or withhold the truth or information. You are resuming the obligation of your clients to make decisions for the health of the animal.The purpose of ethical codes is to ensure that everyone is getting treated fairly and the same, with respect. If you go to the doctor and they diagnose you with this terminal illness or something serious, you believe them and take them serious. The question comes in if you go through a lot of test and understanding to only find out that you have wasted your money because there is nothing really wrong with you. That would upset anyone, even to be glad to know you're okay but you have been betrayed by someone you have trusted that's not ethical or morally right.There are many consequences from actions from you performing unethical acts, you can never gain the trust of clients and create new customer relationships. As I stated earlier you want to establish a great patient and client base, they need to trust you and understand that you're going to help; without that you may never make it in your profession. They can also range to legal issues; it is illegal to perform necessary medical acts without the patient and client understanding consent.Acting ethically is something that should be a natural act for you, as when you were a kid treats others how you would like to be treated. If you're in the medical field think that you want your doctor to treat your mother how he/she would treat their mother. Same thing applies in the veterinarian world; there is a lot of investment and love in an animal like a child. If you are in it for the money or position on the pole of hierarchy your already thinking unethically. When it comes to the care and health of there and others loved ones you should naturally want the best.

Gender Inequality: Why the comparison? Essay

We have entered a century that can be defined by advanced technology, people expressing themselves in ways that one cannot imagine and doctors acting as God. A hundred years ago, it would take days before a telegram will reach its destination. But now all you need is a computer and an internet connection and you would not think that the person that you are talking to is 10,000 miles across the globe. Before, women cannot get a job and must stay at home to take care of the household; they were not even allowed to go to school. But now, the females are competing in the same league as the males. More women are finishing high school and pursuing college, getting into their respective professions. A couple years back the newborn screening was not yet developed and hence, a lot of newborns were not able to be screened for such diseases. But now that this method is working in full force, you can actually detect your infant’s diseases earlier and have higher chances of prevention. There are also a number of machines that can actually make doctor’s works easier, decreasing the mortality rate, prolonging life. If a group wants to express their hatred and anger, they can have a strike, and the media will expose them and they will be heard. That is why the media is one of the powerful agents in today’s modern world. Not only are the technologies more advanced, so are the minds of the people. Today you can do the unthinkable and even immoral way back in the medieval times. You can choose not to believe in God without getting sacrificed or stoned to death, you can change your gender, even the anatomical constructions can be changed, provided you have the money and the courage to go through with. But unlike those times, people now have changed. Our minds are broader, our acceptance more tolerating. Which puts me in a position to think that maybe what Judith Butler, the author of Gender Trouble, wants to voice out is not really a big deal today as when compared to the time she published this book. In my opinion Butler is trying to figure out how we got to define what a man and a woman is, what their differences are, and what our culture and norms want them to be. How an individual determines the nature of their femininity or masculinity is a question that she wants to answer. And she concluded by saying that we do not really know what our gender is. What we have come to know is what we were told to become. Our gender is defined by how we portray the roles of a female or a male. And how we further develop these performances, how stabilized we are with it that we do not change it anymore. But I do not think that you will get that answer anymore if you ask any person in the streets. Yes, we may have our own theories, our own definitions of what a man and a woman is, but all these are deeply rooted from the anatomical structures that we possess plus the environment that we grew up in. I do have high respects for Butler’s work, especially in her in-depth discussion of the theories of Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray and Sigmund Freud. And the mere fact that she wrote a book about it tells of her wisdom on the subject matter. But to be honest, only one thing comes to my mind about people who try to determine these kinds of things: gender gap. Admit it or not, a person’s gender highly differentiates and molds one person from the other gender. Gender gap, according to Gertrude Abramson as mentioned in her article, â€Å"Has the gender gap closed? † is a disproportionate difference or disparity between the sexes. Maybe that is why Judith Butler wants to know if a person is made to be male or female, to also solve gender equality problems. Because I think if you get to agree that both gender came out equally and was made equally, then the differences will be treated as minor ones and will be eventually be ignored. How bad has the gender gap been to everybody? A target of scrutiny is the gender gap in economics wherein the males are the dominating ones. â€Å"Statistics show that in 1890 the percentage of married white women who reported an occupation outside the home was extremely low—just 2. 5 percent for the entire United States. The figure increased to 12. 5 percent by 1940, 20. 7 percent by 1950, and then by about 10 percentage points for every decade since then. By 1990 the labor participation rate for all married women had climbed to almost 60 percent, versus 78 percent for married men. † (Gender Gap) But these statistics definitely turn the other way around when it comes to school. In college, according to the U. S. education department, women reign, earning an average 57% of all BAs and 58% of all master’s degrees in the U. S. alone. There are 133 girls getting BAs for every 100 guys — a number that’s projected to grow to 142 women per 100 men by 2010. (The New Gender Gap) So the question is, why all this comparison? I do not think there should be any, as this is the reason why there is inequality in the first place. I think that there should be no more distinction between the capabilities of men and women, only in their biological differences. Because the reality is that whatever the success of the female is, they are also the success of the males. Everything, every law, every bill has been passed so that all sexes, whether it be gay or lesbian, male or female have been heard in court to give equal opportunities to everybody. If you do not have the right to get a same sex marriage in this state, you go to the state that accepts that. And compared to a century ago that colleges do not accept females, nor some companies do not get female employees, now they are accepted. One cannot really tell of how this happened, it just did. What I am trying to say here is that maybe, if we do not pay as much attention to the gender differences, the world will be a better place. With all due respect to those theorists and their constant search and exploration for knowledge, but I stand by my own opinion. ReferencesThe Library of Economics and Liberty. (2002). Gender Gap. Retrieved December 31, 2007, from http://econlib. org/library/Enc/GenderGap. html Business Week. (26 May 2003). The New Gender Gap. Retrieved December 31, 2007, from http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/03_21/b3834001_mz001. htm International Society for Technology in Education. (May 2006). Has the Gender Gap Closed? Retrieved December 31, 2007, from www. iste. org/Content/NavigationMenu/Publications/LL/LLIssues/Volume_33_2006_2005_/May_No_8_/33806a. pdf

“It is through what we wear that we all establish our identity.” Briefly support or contradict this claim

Let us imagine a world where it was acceptable to roam the streets unclothed. Would you still conform to the norm that stated that it was usual to wear clothes? Most would, but there would be a minority who would take the liberty of going out naked. They would be viewed by the majority as anti-conformist and it could have spiralling effects on other aspects of their life – such as their identity. If a teenager wants to rebel against norms, it is very easy. They simply need to turn up to a dinner party in jeans and a t-shirt and no more need be done. They would have firmly set an impression in the minds of the other â€Å"black tie wearers†. It could lead to exclusion from the group even if they knew each other previously because it is showing a side of the person that may have previously been hidden. There isn't a human being who doesn't take appearance into account when getting a first impression of someone. It is what initially attracts one person to another and can give an idea as to what the person may be like. However, identity can be established in many ways and clothing is just one of these methods. When looking at a particular group of people, it is usually possible to examine the trends that they exhibit and spot people who look out of place and may be trying to change or enhance their identity through their clothing. Describe the connection between one particular trend in pop music and what its followers wear. â€Å"Mom. I wanna be just like Britney Spears† were the eight words which rang across the world when Ms. Spears released her saucy â€Å"Baby One More Time† video. Suddenly, it was trendy to dress in school girl uniform and the boys were instantly turned on by teenage girls dressing just like Britney. Had it not been for Britney's video, dressing in uniform at any time other than in lessons would, most likely, still be very â€Å"un-cool†. Since her first single, Ms. Spears has been an international jet-setter and trend setter. With each premiere, awards ceremony and after-show party she has attended, she has been the subject of miles worth of newspaper columns. Teenage girls everywhere have been unable to avoid the tactless and shameful promotion that Jive Records have elicited from Britney and living in the 21st century, it has become almost impossible not to be influenced by the publicity surrounding America's most famous Virgin. From controversy to contraception, Britney has been linked to everything. The initial hype surrounding her showed that she was popular amongst teenager boys and this was, no doubt, one of the main reasons thousands of teenage girls began to idolise her. Her sweet and innocent image meant that it was cool to be like Britney and this soon led to an explosion in mini-Britneys. There was a risk that she wouldn't catch on though and that she would fizzle out as another one-hit wonder. However this was soon disproved when she was pursued quickly by the other pop teen queen Christina Aguilera. Just when parents thought that Britney would be a temporary phase that their kids would go through, Christina pops up onto the scene. Bringing yet another set of catchy pop tunes, Christina enforced the idea that it was necessary to look gorgeous, be a size 8 and have a perfect body. Pig-tails were in and pony-tails were out; short skirts became even shorter and breast enlargements were being ordered left, right and centre. Despite their persistent denial of buying the plastic treatment, private clinics saw an enormous increase in their waiting list around Christmas time. It became cool to wear tight tops, to dress in leather and run around school doing Britney and Christina style dance routines. However, times change quickly and schoolgirls are already becoming bored of their teen idols' style and as Britney turns unfavourable in their eyes, it is now necessary for them to look at the older and more respected artists. Singers like Jennifer Lopez, Samantha Mumba and Janet Jackson who all have unparalleled style are the new trend. As teenage girls want to mature into appreciated women, their dress sense also proceeds in parallel and they begin to move away from the â€Å"bubblegum† image into a more adult look. They will however, all too often find themselves pre-occupied with the idealistic look of women in beauty magazines and on screen. Although this shouldn't be the case, it is an inevitable consequence of living in the midst of technology as we do and at least through these more mature artists, teenagers are growing up quicker. It is ironic to think that Britney is now modelling herself on her fans in order to please them. As they mature and advance in their ways of thinking and styles and trends, Britney is now evolving into a more mature and focused artist more in the style of Janet or Madonna. What is worrying though is that there doesn't seem to be another level to which artists like Britney can go to after her fans get tired of her present scheme. Unlike the real divas, Britney has a shelf life and it is almost up. Unless she can creatively reinvent herself with yet another new style, her fans will have to look elsewhere for inspiration and it may well be to an anti-conformist who exhibits qualities that are rebellious and not in line with conventional trends.

Burial at Thebes

Mia Britton Mrs. Baker DRA 110 4 March 2013 The Burial at Thebes The play Burial at Thebes is a modern translation of Antigone by Sophocles and Seamus Heaney is credited for this recent translation. The plot structure used in Heaney’s work can be described as episodic. This play stands out as episodic because of its early point of attack. For example, at the start of the opening scene Antigone approaches her sister Ismene with news that King Creon has issued a proclamation that their brothers body should not receive a proper burial, and that anyone trying to bury him will be stoned to death.She intends to resist the law and bury Polynecies but, Ismene refuses to assist Antigone. Therefore, Antigone disowns Ismene and pledges never to accept her aid. Another example of episodic play structure in The Burial at Thebes when Eurydice hears from the messengers the death of her son she leaves in silence and King Creon returns with his dead son Haemon in his arms. The messengers appro ach King Creon with grievous news that his wife Eurydice has taken her life. These examples prove that Seamus Heaney’s work is episodic because after one incident another incident approaches.The protagonist can be defined as the central character in a play or the person who the story is about and experiences the most changes. In Seamus Heaney’s play there are two possible protagonists Antigone and Ismene. Antigone can be considered a protagonist because the play revolves around her rebelling against the King and his resolution to not bury her brother’s body. Another protagonist is Ismene because during the opening scene she tells Antigone that she will not assist her in burying her brother.As the course of the play continues Ismene realizes what is right and defends her sister against King Creon by saying that she will die along with her sister. Ismene also tries to convince King Creon to not take her sisters life by asking him whether he would kill the bride of his son since Haemon is meant to marry Antigone. Ismene’s attitude changes from a noble citizen to that of a martyr. An antagonist can be defined as a person who is opposed to the protagonist or the goal of the protagonist. In Burial atThebes King Creon appears to be the antagonist because he is against burying or awarding any ceremonial rights to Antigone and Ismenes brother. As the play begins King Creon tells the elders of Thebes that anyone who awards a proper burial for Polyneices would be put to death. When King Creon finds about Antigone’s actions he declares that both sisters will be put to death. Antigone explains that she knew of his decree and she only answers to Zeus, the gods didn't lay down these laws for manipulation, and that she will endure the god's judgment for the burial.King Creon decides that he doesn’t want the blood of Antigone on his hand so he believes the best way to take her life is by burying her under rocks with food. These acts ma de by King Creon are evidence that he is the antagonist in the play Burial at Thebes. The play Burial at Thebes was intended to teach and educate its audience on societies and politics. Seamus Heaney displays a powerful King that doesn’t take advice from anyone. A few examples of King Creon not heeding to advice is first seen when his son Haemon tries to urge him to be open to both opinions.He dismisses his son calling him a woman slave. Even the elders’ question King Creon’s by stating that he should listen to his son’s request. Creon becomes irritated and questions the elders whether they should be taught by a young boy. King Creon was also approached by Teirasis and says, â€Å"The gods do not take the prayers or sacrifices of the Thebans, and the birds' cries are muffled because the birds' throats are glutted with the blood of Polyneices†. Teiresias explains the significance of taking counsel, and says that a man who makes a mistake and then co rrects it brings no shame on himself.King Creon once again does not heed to wise counsel and believes that just because he has authoritative power that he doesn’t require counsel. Seamus Heaney also exhibits bravery in his characters in which his audience members can learn from. For example, not only did Antigone represent bravery, but Haemon exemplified Bravery by standing up to his father. These acts of bravery appeared small at the beginning, but towards the end of the play they actually made a difference. All in all, these examples proved that Seamus Heaney’s work is educational and displayed politics.

Write an essay about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any

Write an about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any country living or dead - Essay Example hich included being a soldier, a writer, a politician as well as a statesman, he was able to hone his leadership skills and develop them for the future of the country. Moreover, his inherent personality also revealed a risk taking and determined attitude which helped him become the remembered man that he is today. One of his greatest capabilities was to inspire people despite the ominous circumstances that may have loomed in the country at the time. Even during the crucial time of war, Churchill was able to make people realise the need for being positive and fighting in the name of patriotism. He demonstrated streaks of enthusiasm as well as determination in public and the effects of his zeal were felt immediately in all parts of the country. He always preached being positive and did not entertain any kind of negotiation with Hitler. He inspired almost all the citizens that lived in Britain at the time with the help of his stalwart fortitude. When he became the Prime Minister, he was 65 years old however his age did not tie his enthusiasm down because he continued to be extremely energetic at the old age of 65 as well. He had mustered enough experience at the time and was at a spot where he knew exactly what the citizens of the country desired. During the course of his career, he was also subject to a number of faulty decisions and unpopularity however, all of that added on to the experience that he had gained over the years which finally helped him make good judgements. He also possessed excellent communication skills and has been known to be one of the greatest orators of all time. Churchill had a great amount of charisma which attracted people towards him and the principles that he preached. One of the main traits of leadership is to have an excellent personality and make people want to be someone because of the personality that they possess. He had a great amount of confidence when talking to people and was able to win their hearts over and help them

Cluster headache case study pathophysioloy class

Cluster headache pathophysioloy class - Case Study Example Individuals who suffer from this type of headache experience recurrent severe, one-sided (unilateral) headache pain. These attacks occur at intervals with spontaneous remissions that stop the continuous progress of pain though a smaller percentage of individuals do not experience this interrupt. Cluster headaches are mostly incurable, but prevention can be put in place. Acute attacks can be treated through giving the patient plenty supply of oxygen or triptan which is fast acting. Verapamil uses a prevention mechanism has been widely acceptable and is commonly used as a prophylactic therapy. The use of verapamil sometimes calls for use of steroids before it starts to take effect (Friedman BW, 2009). Cluster headache proportionally affects a 0.2% of the general population with men being affected most. The ratio of men to women who suffer from cluster headache ranges from 2.5:1 to 3.5:1. P.T has a three years history of cluster headache, and he is 35 years of age. He has gone to a neurological clinic for follow-up and revealed that he experienced any headache for a period of one year until they started six weeks ago. He has been involved in a divorce and also lost her mother who succumbed to cancer recently. He shifted to a new job a few weeks ago. He states that his headaches starts from nowhere and reaches its highest level of pain within 10 minutes. An intense and extreme headache pain is experienced, and it is unilateral only affecting one side of the head typically above the eye. The pain runs from above the eye to the temple and reaches the left cheek. During a headache, the eye starts to water profusely and also a runny nose is on the go. The headaches have been episodic, lasting for approximately two and a half hours and occurring between 9am to 9pm daily during the last five days. Drugs such as ibuprofen nor acetaminophen have been ineffective in relieving pain during headaches. There are no photophobic instances associated

Assess the extent to which manufacturing in China can compete on a Essay

Assess the extent to which manufacturing in China can compete on a global scale. Illustrate your argument with different types o - Essay Example These were originally set-up on the south china coast near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan. The 1990s was the actual boom decades in china’s introduction to foreign capital. About 70 percentages of FDI flows to china are in developed businesses. This was a reply to a rising political commitment by the Chinese administration to market-oriented reform, the continued creation of special economic zones and strong domestic development and other shareholder incentives. New worldwide economic slowdown and U.S recession are forcing a lot of U.S companies to re-evaluate their manufacturing policy in order to compete successfully in the market. China has turn into a preferable and logical option. There are a number of methods to doing manufacturing in china. â€Å"In china, there are many industrial parks with all the needed infrastructure- electricity, water, telephone, transportation, customer service, shipping service, bank branches, government service and security† (Michael Yih -chung Shen, 2004. P. 118). Presently china has a part of the world trade organization has skilled 23 successive years of development in its gross domestic product. This paper analyses the importance of manufacturing competitiveness in China and its influence on the global market, including aerospace, apparel/clothing, automobiles, and electronic goods. Competitive strength of China in manufacturing field: China’s move to the global centre for manufacturing is based on numerous factors such as the eastward immigration of manufacturing facility, the fact that china is already the world’s number one manufacturer for more than 100 products in terms of quality and its complementary position in terms of financial levels from east to west. The geographical attentiveness of exports and imports in china is highly rough. It is focused in the coastal regions. According to Jintong Lin, Xiongjian Liang and Yan Wan in his book Telecommunications in China: development and prospects says that â€Å"The development of china’s telecommunication manufacturing industry is closely linked with the development of china’s telecommunication industry† (Lin, et al, 2001, P. 74). In the late of 2000s china was the second largest nation in the world in terms of purchasing power parity GDP and it was the third biggest trading state. In the primary production, china was the main producer of wheat, rice, cotton, red meat, coal, tobacco and aluminium. In the case of manufactures, china produced about 60% of the world’s bicycles, 70% of the world’s toys, 40% of the world’s mobile phones and 50% of the world’s motorcycles. In addition to being the world’s top producer of LCD screens and TVs, china created above a third of the world’s air conditioners, luggage, computer monitors and microwave ovens. It also creates above 50% of the world’s cameras and shoes, and regarding two-thirds of all DVD players. "The succ ess of home-grown companies rests in equal measure on the vision of their strategic management and the competence of their labourers. While China indeed possesses a vast pool of workers, few of them are able to compete in today’s global economy" (Wyne, 2007). A major feature of china’s competitive benefit as a site of export-oriented manufacturing production is a low-cost, huge and highly creative labour force. According to James Riedel, Jing Jin, Jian Gao in his book How China grows: investment, finance, and reform says

Rosa Parks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rosa Parks - Research Paper Example She is that unforgettable and historically epic woman who laid the foundation for the freedom movement in the United States of America (USA). People across the globe irrevocably fall in love for the daring action of defiance taken by Parks, which ignited the blazing fire of civil rights movement that could not be suppressed and which was further potentiated by Martin Luther King, who was assisted by Parks to rise to national prominence in a very short span of time. This paper is basically an effort to present the majorly important facts and discussions related to the myriad daring accomplishments made by Parks in an order to suppress the discriminations faced by the black people in the then largely conservative and white people-dominated society. How a black woman single-handedly organized the scattered civil rights leaders across USA and motivated them to stand united against the overwhelming discriminatory system, is a larger-than-life phenomenon that still leaves many people in ut ter awe and amazement. Rosa Parks, who lived from 1913 to 2005, was a vigorous civil rights activist, who achieved such prestigious and distinguished titles from the US Congress as â€Å"the first lady of civil rights† and â€Å"the mother of the freedom movement†, along with receiving many other honors from the government as well, as a result of her mind-blowing and phenomenal freedom movements. (Junaidi). What is absolutely riveting about Rosa Parks is that a single incident in her life initiated a massive and historical civil rights movement. She became a worldwide international emblem of resistance to racial segregation. What could definitely have restricted many other black people, made Parks bold enough to stand against it with her head held high and dignity making an absolute aura around her. Those days, racial segregation and ethnic biases formed a dominant feature of the American society. Prejudice was so prevalent in the American society that black people had to suffer majorly both in their social and professional lives. The pattern of refusing jobs to the eligible black people, who even presented remarkable academic achievements, was nothing new in USA at that time. Unemployment rate and social disgrace was so prevalent among the black people that it led to devastating consequences for them and their families. What aggravated the situation was the fact the white Americans were so heavily supported by the authorities that the black people just could not gather enough courage to stand up against the society fraught with racial segregation and unjustified prejudices. This much needed courage and boldness was at last gathered by a black woman Rosa Parks, aged 42 in 1955 in Alabama, who was not largely known at that time and had not become an international icon yet. (The Obama Diary). Parks straight-off refused to obey the highly unjustified order of the bus driver to empty her seat for a white passenger. This order of the bus driver was fr aught with racial discrimination, a concept that was phenomenally common in those days. What was ordered by the bus driver was a requirement that any other black person would have readily fulfilled owing to the paralyzing fear of the dominant white society. But, with Rosa Parks, this just could

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections Case Study

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections - Case Study Example This leads to the question that needs answers, which is: what does art research contribute to the society? The question can also query what the influence or the impacts of arts research are, outside the circles of academic work. Through the exploration of two artwork collections, the impact should be demonstrated in social, economic, and cultural circles. Through this paper, the author will demonstrate the social impact of the exhibitions created by two artists; more attention will be offered to the reactions and the responses of visitors. This study will be used to explore the role played by artworks and its impacts in the society. For this particular case study, the researcher will only focus on the social impact of artworks, as tools that can be used to drive change or to communicate a message within the society. A descriptive model will be used for this study. The study will rely on the reactions offered by the viewers of the two artworks, as well as a review of available literature about the two artworks used as the cases for the study. Through the combination of the information collected from different sources of literature, as well as the views offered by the visitors that viewed the two artworks After consolidating the information collected from the different sources, the author will consolidate the information into a unified set of conclusions, summarizing information about the intended audience, the intended outcomes, the role of the artworks in society and also the impacts of the works. Through the review of the literature, it was found that the ‘translation’ exhibition was developed by Jim Pattison, who is a lecturer at the School of Fine Art, at the University of Dundee (University of Dundee). The research of Jim Pattison took more than ten years, focusing on the translation of information and images using digital equipment, entailing the remodeling and the transformation of  the virtual images captured during his exposure to medical procedures.  

Compact Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compact Cars - Research Paper Example Corolla comes with more standard safety features, including six airbags, front-seat active head restraints and antilock brakes. Electronic stability control is optional. The new Toyota Corolla's good crash test scores earn it a Top Safety Pick from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Reviewers praise the Toyota Corolla's safety record and excellent reputation for reliability. Fuel economy is outstanding with EPA ratings of 26-27 mpg city and 35 mpg highway, and real-life averages very close to those figures. The larger 2.4-liter four-cylinder in the XRS model gets 22 mpg city, 30 mpg highway in either manual or automatic. Corolla, LE, XLE and S trims come with a 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine standard, producing 132 horsepower and 128 lb-ft of torque. The XRS model ($18,760) dishes up a more beefy 158 horsepower and 162 lb-ft of torque. Corolla and S trims are available with either a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual. LE and XLE versions are only available with the four-speed automatic, while the XRS can be had with the five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission. Toyota played it too safe in the styling department; Driverside says that "the 2009 Corolla is blessed with styling derived from its big brother, the Camry .The driver and passenger seats sit up higher than you might expect, and the vantage delivers exceptional visibility. Also, the steering, while adjustable, seems to jut from the dash, giving it a golf cart feel. Exterior options like a spoiler and 16-inch aluminium wheels do much to add character to the car. Surprisingly spacious inside, the Corolla offers plenty of head and legroom up front, with enough room inside for people over the six-foot mark. The backseat doesn't skimp on space either, though taller people may wish to stick to calling shotgun. The seats are comfortable in either cloth or leather trim, and build quality is impressive for a vehicle at this price". Interesting features: The most deluxe of all the Corolla trims, the XRS model comes loaded with a more powerful engine, leather interior, power windows and locks and a six-speaker sound system for $18,760. A six-disc CD changer

Mini case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mini case - Essay Example The assistance and training to be offered to Kay would be first to evaluate her performance based on the achievement of set goals. This evaluation would provide analysis for advising her on the next steps to take to improve. A review of the bonus remuneration to appreciate the efforts Kay puts in her work. A review of the rise in ranks in the company and recognition of the efforts Kay has put to place the company where it is currently. If I were Dave Parrett, I would simply sit down with Kay; explain to her the situation about the management and explain to her about the consequences of her recent performance. After this I would then advise her on the need and ways to redeem her reputation back at the company. I would advise her to consult with the younger salespeople in the company to get their views of their work, and get fresh new ideas on improving her work tactics. Salespeople, like any other workers, have a ‘work span’ in the company based on their performance. They many have great influence on the business based on their performance. The best thing to do with salespersons that are no longer great is to give them a consultancy role in the company so that they may aid decision making with their expertise and

Music concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music concert report - Essay Example Other pieces played had incorporation of instruments such as bass guitar, Hammond organ, harmonica, and electric guitar blue rock. Personally, I comprehended the genre associated with heavy metal , boogie rock , Garage rock , southern rock , punk blues hard rock. The band consisted of blend of old generation people with youthful blood in it. The organizers of the event sold their tickets through Ticketmaster.com quite early in time thus facilitating the convergence of a substantial number of people to the function. From the concert I mastered the relevant core blues rock. These were an electric guitar, drum kit and bass guitar which the artists applied to ignite the mood of the people. The electric hugely amplified via the tube guitar in a typical overdrive effect. It was observable that to produce the customized reverberation, two guitars were played in subsequence to riffs and some of the chords on the rhythmical guitar. Synchronically, another artist must be playing corresponding melodic lines and rhythmical solos from the lead guitar. While at the concerts we as the audience were served with cool nice combination of instruments melodies thus widening our zeal and love for the music. Am not a fan of rock but I had to appreciate the model on which it was availed. The musicals created a conducive and soothing environment. The fusion of drumbeats and other instruments provided very nice tranquility and comfort zone.Personally, my main aim for the occasion was to relate with history.

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) Essay

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) - Essay Example da Motor Company, it seems that the company had been following a â€Å"glocalisation† strategy since mid 1980s in order to internationalise its business segments giving more focus on local markets. However, the company has recently brought a strategic change in its global market operations, according to which the Honda sets up its own wholly owned subsidiaries across the globe. To illustrate, referring to Aylward (2003), Honda established its wholly owned subsidiary in India in 1999 under the name Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India and announced plans on cancelling the joint venture with its Indian partner Hero. This strategic change is supported by the performance comparison framework, which tells that stockholders expect more revenues as time goes by (Lecture note). In addition, the company has abandoned its traditional manufacturing policies, and adapted to a new manufacturing policy called ‘Lean manufacturing system’ by the end of the 20th century. The lean manu facturing strategy would produce maximum level of output with minimum level of inventory. Also, this strategy would avoid production waste. Strategic change approaches illustrate that a change process involves three phases including strategic planning, project management, and operationalistion. Today, governments worldwide encourage foreign direct investments as it is one of the best measures to promote economic growth. This trend is particularly seen in emerging economies like India and China. Since Honda is a globally recognised company and a potential employment provider, governments tend to welcome the organisation on the belief that Honda can add value to the nation’s industrial and economic status. In addition, since globalisation has eliminated cross border trade barriers, organisations enjoy easy access to foreign markets. At this juncture, the Honda management thinks that the strategic change would provide them with more operating freedom and innovation capabilities. While analysing the

Risk Tolerance & need to diversify Research Paper

Risk Tolerance & need to diversify - Research Paper Example Large Company stocks, also referred to as blue-chip stocks or large-cap stocks, refer to the stocks of large publicly traded companies (Leach and Melicher, 2011, p.249). Long term corporate bonds in most cases refer to debentures which offer a higher yield compared to other investments but investors of such bonds are prone to interest risk and credit risk. Long term government bond refers to those bonds which mature in more than 10years. US Treasury bill is a transferable debt contract issued by the US Government that ensures trust and fulfillment of claim of receivable return at the end of the period. Such investment is made for a period of one year or less than one year, and is exempt from local and state taxes (Boston Institute of Finance, 2005, p.105). If my decision is to invest in the current portfolio of mix of stock, bonds and treasury bills in equal proportions, despite of the divisions between fixed earnings and volatility of earnings of the securities, the entire portfolio would give an average (avg.) expected return of 14.78%, with risk of 8.88% associated with it, as per time horizon and risk tolerance. Impact on future Investment Decisions The decision of future investment and formation of portfolio with diversification depends on the characteristics of the investor, the characteristics of the securities in the portfolio and its risk return trade-off which will determine the proportion of investment to be made in each security, observation of the historical performance of the securities, and the time horizon of investment. An investor can be broadly classified into risk averse investors, risk prone investor, and risk neutral investor, based on their degree of risk preference. Risk averse investors prefer security to earnings than risk accompanied by high returns. Such investors prefer to invest more in bonds and treasury bills which will carry a guarantee of return at the end of period with low risk; as such investors try to avoid risks. Some inve stors who prefer to bear risk and avail the high return associated with it belong to a class of risk prone investors. Such investors prefer to invest in risky securities with high returns, such as equity, so as to avail the benefit arising out of it. There is another class of investors known as risk neutral investors, as they do not make any differentiation between debt and equity and opt to invest equal proportion in each (Haslem, 2009, p.158). If I am a risk averse investor, I shall prefer maximum investment in treasury bills and bonds, as this will assure a fixed percentage of returns at the end of the period with low risk associated with it. Thus, 80% of the investment is to be made in treasury bills and bonds, and 20% in company stocks. The proportion of investment in long-term corporate bonds differs from long term government bonds and US Treasury bills, as because long term corporate bonds is a bit risky than the others. If I am a risk neutral investor, I shall prefer equal p roportion of investment in both stocks and bonds (i.e. bonds and treasury bills), with an expectation that if return from stock is higher I shall benefit from my investment, and, if investment in stock fails to provide return, then benefit earned from the fixed income bearing securities would help to offset some portion of the loss. If I am a risk prone invest

To what extent is it still true to say that legal justice in England Essay - 1

To what extent is it still true to say that legal justice in England and Wales rests upon adversarialism - Essay Example In such a system a decision is arrived at by a neutral decision maker on the basis of the details furnished by the parties. In respect of criminal cases two decision makers will be present, namely the judge and the jury; the duty of the former is to decide on the legal aspects whereas the duty of the latter is confined to factual issues.2 Moreover, the large number of legal commentators has designated the Australian and American legal systems as being adversarial legal systems. â€Å"Such classification is made because the primary and dominant legal procedure in this system is adjudication on legal disputes defined by the parties who bring those disputes to court for adjudication†3. The adoption of an adversarial system in England has been attributed to first, the practice of compurgation. This practice was an Anglo-Saxon defence in which several persons were made to testify in respect of a person’s innocence and second, the culmination of the extant English legal procedures like trial by jury and private prosecution4. I believe strongly that our adversarial process is the most effective way of trying criminal issues. However, the legal system has begun to recognise that pure adversarialism does not always produce justice, and more effort is now going into establishing areas of consensus between prosecution and defence. For example, judges are reining in needless, destructive cross-examination which puts people such as rape victims on trial, and procedures are being invented to prevent ambush tactics which involve one side taking the other completely by surprise5. The English legal system is primarily adversarial in composition. In this system resolution of issues is achieved by means of argument between the disputing parties in the presence of the presiding judge. This organization is methodical but costly and a considerable amount of time is taken in deciding

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example Out of various strategies, and techniques that are used to enhance greater productivity of human capital, motivation is a valuable psychological tool that promote people to be high performers. The first part of the assignment talks about the motivational theory in practice at Tesco, and explains concepts of change and leadership styles in relation to the motivational theory. Tesco is UK’s leading grocery and general merchandising retailer operating through more than 2000 stores in UK alone (Tescoplc.com, 2012). Motivation and Non-financial motives Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn (2005) defined motivation as â€Å"forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of efforts expended at work† (p. 120). An individual can be motivated by a number of different factors such as pay, reward, appreciation, promotion in the work, better working condition and so on. When an individual is motivated by any such method, he is mostly found to work harder and show sincere gratitude towards his job task and thus to be highly productive and be high performer. A company may use various types of non-financial motives such as 1) promotion, 2) safety at work, 3) reward and recognition, 4) better working condition, 5) health support, 6) education for children, 7) friendly atmosphere within the workplace, 8) organizational learning, 9) cooperation and 10) multicultural workplace. Effects of unmotivated workforce ... A company may use various types of non-financial motives such as 1) promotion, 2) safety at work, 3) reward and recognition, 4) better working condition, 5) health support, 6) education for children, 7) friendly atmosphere within the workplace, 8) organizational learning, 9) cooperation and 10) multicultural workplace. Effects of unmotivated workforce Unmotivated workforce will not work harder and therefore they will not be high performers or high productive in the workplace as compared to those who are motivated. Unmotivated workforce will not help the company create a brand loyalty among the customers as they are very likely to make mistakes and this will adversely impact the business. Unmotivated employees are found to show increased absenteeism and high turnover which in turn affecting the quality of business operation. Tesco benefiting from motivated workforce At Tesco, the management is highly concerned about customers as well as staff. The company supports its staff with its s pecially adjusted work and life balance through rewards and recognition. Flexible working, reduced health expenses, membership in gym, competitive salary, staff discount and company’s share options are some of Tesco’s attractive motivation incentives it offered to its people. From these incentives, Tesco has been benefiting to create trust and respect among its people. At Tesco, the motivated staffs are found to be in a partnership relation with managerial staff and thus they effectively accomplish their expected goals (The Times 100, 2012). Taylor’s motivation theory as not relevant to 21st century According to Taylor’s motivation theory, people are motivated by financial incentives as he argued that people worked purely for money. In early years, Taylor

Film analysis with historical references - The Motorcycle Diaries Research Paper

Film analysis with historical references - The Motorcycle Diaries - Research Paper Example The challenge of revolution as presented by the author is then associated with both the need to revolutionize understanding from personal knowledge and combining this with creating a cooperative revolution so the economic suppression in South America would diminish. The main objective with the book is one which is first based on the relaxed attitude of Guevara and the associations which he has with working in a leper society while celebrating his birthday. Guevara begins the movie with making each individual believe that there is a desire to party, pick up women and to enjoy the travels through South America while seeing the best sites. This initial attitude is one which leads the trip through most of the movie and which creates a specific response. The changing point which is noted by Guevara is when he moves into the leper society and begins to work with the divisions that are in the community. The different divisions cause him to move outside of the initial mentality and into one which is more radical in nature because of the understanding of the situation and the way in which he can now see and realize the importance of the conditions within the region (Salles, dir, 1). This is important to note because it is also a reflection of what needs to happen with the overall revolution in which each individual becomes aware of the conditions and commits to creating cooperation and community with all of South America. There are several instances where the narrator shows the change and the radical beliefs that are noted after he is able to look at and experience the journey through South America and into the leper society. The realization which is experienced by the character is one which is reflected personally first, specifically with the division in character from the beginning of the story and to the change into radical beliefs about uniting the world into a pan – America and creating a stronger set of beliefs and cooperation with those that are in the reg ion. The realization is based on the understanding that there are no divisions between those in various regions, only which has been divided by imperialism and the circumstances of the region. â€Å" ‘What do we leave behind when we cross each frontier? Each moment seems split in two; melancholy for what was left behind and the excitement of entering a new land† (Guevara, 28). This quote is one which shows that the division which occurs is also personal and which leads to the radical thoughts that there shouldn’t be divisions with the individual as well as with the society. The belief that Guevara has about division, both with the reflection of the individual character and through the continents is one which is confirmed by the works of the author. The concept is one which is based on his own travels, specifically in which he realizes that there is great advancement of those in society that are in South America and which is cut off from society. This is followed by his own beliefs and understandings while traveling that were based on finding the differences in the culture, how they were altered because of political beliefs and how this separatism was one which only created illusions that are created because of the lack of knowing and

Microeconomic Aspects of Music Event Realization in Radisson Blu Hotel Essay

Microeconomic Aspects of Music Event Realization in Radisson Blu Hotel of Dubai - Essay Example This essay presents a brief thorough microeconomic analysis of the ticket pricing policy for the music event, that was carried out by the management of Radisson Blu Hotel. One time experience in this hotel during July 2012 music extravaganza posed one of the most technical economic challenges to the management of the hotel and the prospective customers. The problem arose from the unprecedented demand for entry tickets. Dubai is a multicultural metro which hosts many people and musicians are one of the best entertainment sources that attract people from different walks of life. This means that the tickets which were released commensurate to the hall capacity were very few. It is important to note that the concept that was art play in this case was price elasticity. This was a luxurious event which in most cases is price inelastic and increasing ticket and drinks prices did not bring any significant change. This hotel employs a good number of the local people and therefore the benefits derived are reflected in their improved living standard. Such an economic policy like raising the price in such circumstances where the demand is high has economic benefit to the community through the hotel due to increased revenue. It is also important to note that there are some cases where the elasticity concept influences the general response of people when the cost of services or goods is altered. The scenario above did not yield better results as expected due to the price inelastic aspect of the service on offer. In some instances increasing prices will initiate increase in income due to price inelasticity especially in case of luxurious commodities and services. It is also imperative that other control measures are applied towards taming the excess demand rather than pricing policy option. It is important to note that high prices charged by the hotel must be reflected in marginal increase in costs. It is therefore imperative to note that if such actions are not well calculated with regard to economic consequences then outcome of the overall initiative can bring the firm down. Increasing the prices of the tickets that was done in this music extravaganza was used in expansionary production of various dishes as some of the products in this case and acquisition of additional furniture in the hotel. This has the effect of increasing the sitting capacity of the hotel with a multiplier effect which contributes to recruitment of more labor. This means that more members of the community are likely to get employed and extra uptake of input factors like foodstuff raw materials which will translate to increased income to the community. Such events attracts many people especially with consideration of the nature of Dubai and this means that raising the price of tickets is another way of simply boosting the revenue of the hotel due price inelasticity of the event. This high charge also means that the quality of the services and products offered must met some standard that equally has cost effects. The decision to increase

A Memorable Event And Learnt Lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Memorable Event And Learnt Lesson - Essay Example I remember vividly on that cold chilly morning on my way to take a bus to school, when I encountered a situation that has since taught me courage. This is the day I met with my worst fears face to face, but because of courage, I overcame my worst fear in life. My heart was pounding against my chest as I dropped the bag in my hand, which had my books, and raised both my arms. Deep inside, I was afraid, but with a little courage, I charged at my fears. Pit bulls! I was yelling at two pit bulls, which were charging a small boy that was ahead of me on the same lane. The small boy had run and was now helpless. He lay down in anguish, waiting to be mauled by the two animals. However, since I was behind the small boy and saw his helplessness, I did not want to experience the sight of a small helpless boy being mauled mercilessly right in front of me by two pit bulls.I continued to yell frantically at the pit bulls and ran toward the small boy. Even though I ran toward the boy, I had no idea of how I was going to save him. With my bag on the road and books scattered, I ran after the pit bulls toward direction of the boy, while continuing to yell at the pit bulls. Surprisingly, the pit bulls were distracted by my yelling, stopped running after the small boy, and drifted their attention to me. This was the defining moment. I would choose to either run away or face the pit bulls to allow the small boy to escape. I shouted at the small boy to rise up and run as far as he could. When I saw the small boy running away and the pit bulls coming after me, I felt a sense of relief, even though I was supposed to be afraid that the pit bulls would maul me. I tried running away and waving at a passing car to save me, but alas, the pit bulls were right there by my side. One pit bull jumped on me, while the other started to bite my legs. I closed my eyes and screamt in pain and anguish. Luckily, a car pulled over. I was highly relieved to learn that it was the owner of the dogs, as the dogs immediately rushed to the car when the person inside it stepped out. The owner, who was searching for his pit bulls was highly apologetic and helped me with first aid on the bites before driving me to the hospital. Although the pain on my body from the claws and bites of the pit bulls was excruciating, I afforded to smile when I remembered that I did it for a small helpless boy. After leaving the hospital on the same day, I went home and received a hero’

Human resources - performance management Research Proposal

Human resources - performance management - Research Proposal Example This paper tries to explore if it is possible to implement the system effectively at the workplace. The main generations which would be considered in this context are the Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. The generation born between 1943 and 1960 are referred to as Baby Boomers, while those born between 1961 and 1980 are better known as Generation X while people born after 1980 are called Generation Y. The motivation behind this project to highlight on the importance of different performance management practices for the different generations. Critical Literature Today multiple generations are found to be employed at the place of work. However, in a manufacturing oriented economy, they are found to be distinguished from one another through organizational stratification and structural scenery of that economy. The older or senior employees are found to be working in the head offices holding the commanding positions, while the middle aged employees are found to be holding positions requiring high skills mainly belonging to the management cadre. The youngest, greenest who are considered to be most strong physically are found to hold the factory floors and accounted for the sales representatives, junior accountants, assistant managers etc. One of the major outcomes of this accidental blending of different generations is creativity. People belonging to different generations are likely to bring up different thoughts and yield new ideas for solving problems and creating future opportunities. (Zemke & Raines & Filipczak, 1999, p.10). The study would r eflect the some of the fundamental differences between the different generations in terms of their work habits, work ethics and career views and values. According to a research conducted by Raines (2007), the rich combination of different generations in organizations has called for changes in the recruitment and performance management strategies by employers. The results show that competition for talents have been escalating as there are more generations who have been working side by side. It is seen that the oldest members belonging to the generation of Baby boomers have been coming close to their age of retirement. However, this is also true that their performance and productivity is not the same as the Gen X and Gen Y. That is why they different performance evaluation practices. However, the ageing generation is also required in the organizations as they are rich talents and their knowledge is of high worth in the organizations (Raines, 2007, p.1). Recently a survey conducted by Next Step, which was led by Jenifer Vessels (1998), on four different generations in organizations aged between 20 years and 60 years belonging to both government agencies and private companies. The results showed that 72.3% of the respondents had been

Comparasion Wks Essay Example for Free

Comparasion Wks Essay Indiana Common Core Standards: †¢Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment. †¢Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account. †¢Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. †¢Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. Part One Directions: Use the following criteria to compare the film Simon Birch to the short story The Scarlet Ibis. Simon BirchScarlet IbisSimilarities/Differences Characters †¢Main characters †¢Protagonist/Antagonist †¢Round/Flat †¢Static/Dynamic †¢Evidence—use a quote from the text AND a line from the story to back up your answerSimon and joe Doodle and his big brotherThey erre both narrated by the second character Plot †¢Setting impact on plot (if any) †¢Events †¢Evidence Motivations †¢Characters †¢Same/different? †¢Evidence Tries to say that he is gods instrument Point of view †¢First or third person? †¢Limited or omniscient? †¢Evidence First person First personThey were both in first person and the narrator wasn’t the main character it was the second character Symbols †¢Symbols in story †¢Symbols in movie †¢Symbols that are similar in both †¢Anything left out? †¢EvidenceHis baseball cards and the armadillo The scarlet ibisThey both mean something to the main characters Theme †¢Theme of the movie †¢Theme of the story †¢Similarities in theme? †¢Differences in theme? †¢Evidence Setting †¢Setting of the story †¢Setting of the movie †¢Similarities in setting? †¢Differences in setting? †¢EvidenceI think that is takes place in the 1950’s? Because of the cars that was in the movie I dont know They both take place in the past Irony †¢Irony and type present in story †¢Irony and type present in movie †¢Similarities †¢Differences †¢EvidenceHe loved to play baseball and he loved joes mom but he killed her with a baseball that he hit into foul territory Situational irony Dramatic irony because when the scarlet ibis died we new that doodle was soon going to die Both of the main characters die

A peaceful woman explains why she carries a gun Essay Example for Free

A peaceful woman explains why she carries a gun Essay Hasselstrom was Justified for her need to own a gun as she wanted to be rotected, safe and have a peace of mind. Desire to be protected Justified Hasselstrom to get a gun; however, she considered other means of protection first. To begin with, Hasselstrom used improvised means for protection. For example, she had her own gun (spray cans of deodorant) which did not have to be registered. However, one night while camping, the author and her friend, harassed by two young men, decided not to tempt fate and use their improvised mace, but simply leave the camping area. When improvised means of protection did not work, Hasselstrom onsidered another option- a citizens band radio, a system of short-distance radio communications between individuals which does not require a license. However, she rejected this method of protection providing an example of a woman who got beaten and raped using a CB radio to get help with a flat tire. The last method Hasselstrom considered as a mean of protection was self-defense. For her, kung fu class was a smart decision because on the top of her self-preservation, her height and weight did not give her any benefit. Therefore, looking for protection, Hasselstrom provided the eaders with Justified steps she took prior to the extreme measure of protection- a Also, the author was well-grounded for her need of a gun because she gun. wanted safety. Firstly, she did not feel safe on her land. While Hasselstrom lived on a ranch in secluded area 25 miles from the nearest town, she, somehow, managed to have uninvited guests on her property. For example, one day she noticed an armed man on her land who wanted to shoot ducks. As a result, she could not feel safe even on her territory. Secondly, as the author was vulnerable even while driving her car, her possession of a gun was reasonable. Hasselstrom provides the readers with examples to prove her right. In one of the examples, an unknown car was following her on her way home, and made her stop by flashing a blinding spotlight in her face. Another example depicts a man who was playing cat-and-mouse with Hasselstrom within 30 miles when she was driving in a desolate part of Wyoming. Thirdly, the fact that Hasselstrom did not feel safe even in public places Justified her to own a gun. She provided an example of her and her friend being harassed and scared by men while camping in the West. Moreover, looking for some help from the local rangers, he had to face with their carelessness and unwillingness to protect and help. In addition to Hasselstroms desire of protection and safety, there is a desire of peace she was looking for which Justified her to possess a weapon. First of all, she could not get a peace ot mind being harassed on a daily basis. Whether sne was among people or on her property, she faced acts of harassment or danger which took her further away from a peace she was searching for. Then, she could not find a peace of mind if she was constantly stressed out, suspicious and scared about everything. One day the author found deep tire ruts in her yard and garbage in her driveway. More likely, that fact would lead a person like her to suspect that someone unfriendly had an intention to hurt or do her harm. Third of all, Hasselstrom lived in the environment where women did not stand much for a chance of not being harassed. Men in her area worried her, and their harassment would not stop until stronger measures were taken. However, Hasselstrom did not want to be either daily harassed, be another victim of rape or permanently stressed out and scared. Threfore, she believed that having a gun handy would lead her to a peace of mind she was looking for. In conclusion, relying on Hasselstroms examples provided in the article, she was Justified for her need to own a gun. She had no choice but to use it in dangerous situations to protect herself. When used responsibly, women in the same situation as the author would live protected, safe and with peace of mind they desire. What Hasselstroms message was in this article is that no one, man or woman, should live in fear. And in her situation, owning a gun gave her that security.

The Meaning And Purpose Of Life Philosophy Essay

The Meaning And Purpose Of Life Philosophy Essay What is the purpose of life? What is the meaning of it? Why are we here? Is there a God or isnt there? Which religion is the most correct? Is there an afterlife? There are too many questions that people have struggled for millenniums to tackle. In fact, the way we answer these questions will provide the ultimate context for everything else we do with our lives (Pavlina, 2005). So if nobody knows his purpose of life, maybe, each one of us should choose it independently. Here is a trick I think we should define the purpose of life but not the goals, because our goals may vary and some of them may be reached earlier than the life will end. However, the sense, the meaning passes through the whole life. So, the purpose of life is the life of purpose (Leider). Im Christian and I believe we are created in Gods image for relationship with him. Being in that relationship is the only thing that will ultimately satisfy our souls (Pavlina, 2005). But admittedly, I dont realize what will end the emptiness in my life, what exactly will end such a lack of fulfillment. It is true when people keep God out trying to find fulfillment in something other than God, they will never get enough of that thing. Augustine summarized it in such a way: You [God] have made us for yourself and our hearts are restless until they find their rest in Thee. So there is something inside every human being that cries out for significance; something inside of us that wants to know that we are not just breathing air, not occupying space, but were actually here for a reason and were making a difference. Im convinced there was something in the mind of God when he made each one of us; something that he wanted us to do while we were here. So purpose is not the process of figurin g out what I want to do with my life, but it is really a matter of aligning me with what was in the designers mind. I believe the key is to make a relationship with the creator; so that he can reveal you who you really are, and what your purpose is. My overall religion has effectively become a religion of personal growth. Every day I continue to combine my beliefs trying to bring them into closer alignment with my best understanding of how reality actually works. I think people have been used for many noble purposes in order to recognize the one they were designed for. Children are flowers of life. This is the reason to live. They continue human race, save our life experience, bring infinite happiness to their parents, and at last take care of them when they are old. Loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think it is the most pure feeling, the source of persistent, unreasonable happiness. One more thing is altruism. Such an unselfish concern for the welfare of others (Eddy, 1998) is an ideal human life. So I consider all these purposes are intended to evaluate my progress and inspire further progress in the realization of my life purpose. I dont believe that money and power can be our purpose of life. Yes, money may satisfy your needs. Power can give you the right not to carry out someones orders. However, people who have money and power are always surrounded with hypocrisy, jealousy, evil and hatred. I know for sure that we didnt come to this world to buy things and die. We came here because each one of us has a unique purpose that gives us a unique drive. So here Im asking myself: what is it that I do naturally; what is it that I do the best. I believe if the person find such an activity, he will be content, fullfilled. Since early childhood I loved to be an actress. I was occupied with puppet-theatre for 8 years. So Id always dreamed when I grew up, I would enter the theatrical university. I knew it is the best thing I could do act. I woke up in the morning energized, excited about the day, excited about my life. Coming back from school even if that day happenned to be a challenging day with many problems, I was full of power, passion and excitement because I knew I had my purpose. But I had such dreambusters as parents, society who told me You should not do that, Youre not god in that, and Thats not a good way to be. So I was completely suppressed and forgot about my dream. A nd now Im here, at LCC International University where Im studying business administration. It was my choice. But Im not happy. There is something that I know Im not in the right place in life. I dont want to do my job just to pay the bills and to be unsatisfied because this is not in alignment with who I am. So, maybe the purpose is being in the right place in the right time doing the right thing. You are what your deep driving desire is; As your deep driving desire is, so is your will; As your will is so is your deed; As your deed is so is your destiny (The Upanishads). There is no one individual on the planet that is not extraordinary. Every person is unique. So there is a potential within us to make a huge difference in the world within our certain sphere of influence because each one of us has a unique purpose.

Characters In Jekyll And Hyde English Literature Essay

Characters In Jekyll And Hyde English Literature Essay This essay will examine the role of the minor characters in the novel Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde. It will mainly focus on Lanyon, Enfield, Carew, and Poole and how does Uttersons connection to each of these men serve to advance the plot. Hastie Lanyon was a healthy doctor, who then became a letter writer. Richard Enfield was Uttersons cousin and a companion for strolling. Sir Danvers Carew was a member of parliament and client of Mr.Utterson. Poole was a butler at Jekylls house and he kept an eye on the activities done at Jekylls house. Each of these characters help to unpack the case of Mr.Hyde. The novel began with Richard Enfield and Utterson. They both went for a walk and Enfield tells about Hyde. He says that he saw a little man trampling a young girl. Her family was also there and soon the crowd surrounded her. Due to the crowd, the little man got frightened so he asked the family to follow him. He took them to his house and he gave them a cheque of 100 pound. After telling the story, Utterson asked the name of the man but Enfield hesitated to tell but later on, he declared that it was Mr.Hyde. Utterson had always thought that Mr.Hyde was with Jekyll for benefit but the story which Enfield recited, made him stressed about Hydes crime. Utterson became curious about Hyde. He started to look for him and he spotted him near his house. After Utterson saw Hyde, he went to Jekylls house but Jekyll was not there. Instead Utterson talked to Poole and he questions him about Hyde and Poole said O dear no,sir. He never dines here, Indeed,we saw very little of him on this side of th e house; he mostly comes and goes by the laboratory  [1]  . He also said that Hyde has the key to the lab and Jekyll has given the order to his servants to follow Hydes instructions. This made Utterson think that Jekyll was blackmailed by Hyde. At this point , Hydes case was a unsolved mystery and solving it became Uttersons aim. After one year, the news of murder was spread all over London. Sir Danvers Carew was killed by Hyde with a walking cane. The police found a letter near Carew. The letter had the name and address of Utterson. Police informed Utterson and he arrived. He recognized the body and later Utterson came to know that Hyde killed Carew. He took the police to Hydes house but Hyde was not there but still they entered and start searching for evidence. They noticed a half-burned checkbook and the other half of the walking stick. Uttersson recalled that it was the same walking cane,which he gave to Jekyll. The suspicion starts to grow even more as they do not find any picture of him and even the servants said that they saw him twice. Utterson assumed that Jekyll was hiding Hyde. After some time, Lanyon and Utterson met. Utterson wanted to discuss about Jekyll but Lanyon refused. Due to the gaps growing between Lanyon and Jekyll , Utterson wrote a letter to Jekyll to complain about what is happening between him and Lanyon. Week after that, Lanyon died but he left an envelope. Utterson opened the envelope but inside it, he gets another envelope stating not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll  [2]  . The two deaths had been a shock for Utterson but he also started connecting Hyde with Jekyll. Whenever Hyde did anything wrong, he talked to Jekyll. At this stage, he had found an envelope that soon revealed the reality. Some time later, Poole came up to Uttersons house and said that he felt that there had been a disgusting game played at his home. Utterson got surprised. Then Poole asked Utterson to follow him and they went to Jekylls house. Poole took Utterson near Jekylls laboratory door and requested Jekyll to open the door for Utterson for but he refused. Poole told Utterson: I have been sent flying to all the wholesale chemists in town. Every time I brought the stuff back, there would be another paper telling me in return, because it was not pure, and another order to a different firm .This drug is wanted bitter bad,sir,whatever for.  [3]   Poole showed the notes that he has been receiving from Jekyll. The notes had addressed the needs of Jekyll. Then he kept disclosing his experiences with the noises in the laboratory. Poole told that he heard someone weeping. Utterson demanded Jekyll to open the door but he heard a voice saying Utterson for Gods sake,have some mercy  [4]  . Utterson identified the voice and insisted Poole to breakdown the door. After breaking down the door, they entered and found out dead body of Hyde. Utterson thought that Jekyll might have fled. He looked around the lab and he saw a religious book, a glass, the drug (that Poole used to bring) and papers with a brief note mentioning to read the papers after reading Lanyons letter. His letter revealed the fact of Jekyll. Lanyon wrote that Jekyll asked him to bring vials and powders to his house and to let the visitor to come along with him. Lanyon mixed powders in the vials and it turned into a portion, which the visitor drank. Soon after drinking the portion, the visitor turned into Jekyll. Lanyons letter let us to know about Jekyll being Hyde. Then, Jekylls letter is read. He says that trampling the girl and the murder, was done by his evil side, Hyde. Carew had a high position in the society so when Hyde killed him, he felt powerful. Jekyll also mentioned that he needed help with the portions because slowly he was turning into Mr.Hyde permanently. He took Lanyons help to get the portion and he confessed front of Lanyon that he was Mr.Hyde. Soon Lanyon died so he had to take Pooles help. However, the experiment was not a big success because it led to his death. This essay has demonstrated how each minor character advanced the plot and it has examined the role of them. First Enfield told the story about the girl that was trampled, and that made Utterson to carry on the investigation of Hyde. Then Sir Danvers Carew and Lanyon died. When Carew died, Utterson went to Hydes house and found materials that make him believe that Jekyll was hiding Hyde. When Lanyon died, he left a letter. At the end, Poole took Utterson to the laboratory and there he discovered the papers. When the papers and letter were revealed , truth came out. Whatever the wrong things he did, were done by his evil side. The mystery of his dark side was exposed by Utterson, the minor characters and at the end by his papers, in which he wrote about his motives and experiences.

Study on the Problem of Money Laundering

Study on the Problem of Money Laundering Chapter 1: 1) Introduction: Money laundering is a global problem. Measuring its impact is tough, as it takes place behind everyones eyes and it apparently is a victimless crime. Yet the damage it does can be devastating to the financial sector and economys real and external sector, especially in case of a developing country. By contrast, effective anti-money-laundering policies can reinforce a range of good-governance policies. This in result helps the country to sustain economical growth particularly by making the financial sector stronger. 1.1) Background Because of the worldwide growing concerns over money laundering, G-7 summit established Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in Paris in1989. Its purpose was to generate an international response to this increasing problem. Since then this organisation has been playing a vital role in tackling money laundering. It works closely with other international bodies that develops and regulates Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies world wide. FATF members have 29 countries and jurisdiction includes major financial centres in Asia, North and South America, Europe- as well as the European Commission and The Gulf Co-Operation Council. 1.1.1) Problem statement Today a countrys economy largely depends upon the advancement of technology. It made the job a lot easier, but it came with its own challenge. Which concerns the international financial community the most is the bad guys are also using the technology to give their proceeds of crimes a legal look. In short the money made by various criminal activities in various parts of the world is injected into a nations economy to camouflage it or give it a lawful appearance. This system is known as Money Laundering and this problem is growing to a serious proportion over time. IMF estimated that the aggregate size of laundered money worldwide is 2% to 5% of global GDP in 1998. Regardless who or how the dirty money is being used, the operational system or method is always the same. It is a dynamic three stage process. The stages are: Placement- A large volume of cash which was obtained through illegal means is placed in to the financial system, can be used to buy high-price item or may be smuggled out of the country. The point here is to transform the cash into some other kind of asset to avoid detection. Layering- this stage takes place to hide the true origin of the unlawful money. Here in layering stage a complex set of transaction takes place to obscure the trail of that cold hard cash and its real ownership. At this point the advancement of technology helps them. One the methods are Electronic Fund Transfer (EFTs). Others include conversion of monetary instrument, investments in legitimate businesses, purchasing real estates. In most of the EFTs are used frequently. Because of the busy lifestyles and easy access, a lot of EFTs are processed everyday. Among all those when a Phoney EFT takes place between an offshore account and a shell company, It is pretty hard to spot a criminal transaction at first look. Integration- The final step of the process where the illicit money comes back clean to its owner and then integrated to the economy as investment into a legal business. Once integrated, it hides the identity or origin even further. 1.1.2) Research significance There has been little research into the effects of money laundering on the economic growth, particularly in a developing country. Most of the researchers and their works were focused on measuring the amount and usage of money-laundering. Hence the majority of this vast subject has remained unstudied. Therefore the developing countries, which are the prime channels for international money-laundering, are suffering from the need for the guidelines to stop the erosion of the long-term economic growth caused by this problem. 1.1.3) Research question In a developing countrys economy the role of the financial institutes such as- banks, non-bank financial institutes (NBFI), equity market-are critical. They help to sustain the economic growth by concentrating the domestic savings, even the overseas funding. For all these gaining customer trust is vital. Money laundering erodes these institute and affects the customer trust as this is interrelated with other criminal activities that is performed by the workers in financial sector or government. Besides that, money laundering facilitates domestic corruption and crime which results depressed economic growth. It also diverts the resources to less productive activity. In the light of above discussion, proposed work is on following questions: What is money laundering? What are the negative effects of it on economic growth? How does it harm the developing countries? 1.2) Aims and objectives The purpose of this study is to analyse harmful effects of the money laundering on the economic growth of a developing country. Because of the weaker economy, lack of strong policies and comparatively easy regulations the developing countries become an open market for such activities. Therefore those countries have scope to improve their policies, regulations and laws. The objectives of the proposed study are to know: What sectors are mostly being affected? What is the extent of the damage? What can the developed economic community do? What kinds of policies or regulations are being implemented? What kinds of policies or regulations can be improved? As the time advanced, money laundering business has also evolved by keeping pace with the time. Technology has made it more undetectable. The businesses are booming and consequences are visible. But regulatory bodies are also taking necessary steps. They are tightening their borders, educating people, creating awareness. Still these are not enough for the countries affected. Most of the time, they dont have enough resources to divert to that sector. As a result they are bleeding internally. Therefore we can assume the following: Most of the economic damage done by money laundering through its developing country channel is at the expense of the developing economy. The weaker regulations and policies are the more liberty a money launderer gets. Therefore they need to strengthen themselves, with the help of others if necessary. The countries with the developed economy have sufficient resources, therefore options to fight this particular crime. But in case of the developing economies, if not handled in time, it can distort investment, encourage crime and corruption and increase the risk of macro-economic instability. Through this study some solutions may be found, or at least the gravity of the danger ahead. 1.3) Limitations The expansion of money laundering problem is vast. At the same time a greater portion of this crime is goes unreported, hence unnoticed. Authorities all over the world has been struggling to get a proper grasp of the whole problem. The developments that are being made are on the implementations of AML policies and legal sector. But there is a great lack of research on the effects and consequences of money laundering in the developing economies. Therefore there is not enough data available to come to any exact conclusion. Besides, this research is based on the secondary data. So evaluating the existing data was not possible. To be able to do so, a higher level of intervention, e.g. Government, international banking authority etc. is necessary as this research involves the national financial data. 1.4) Overview The first chapter of this research introduces the area or the topic to the audience. What is money laundering, how big or vast the problem is, how did it start and how it is done, what are the authorities doing about it and what are the limitations of this particular research has been described in this section. The second chapter includes an extensive and analytic review of the existing literature that is available to refer to about this subject.(incomplete**) Chapter 2 2) Literature review 2.1) introduction This part of the report contains a thorough and critical study of the books journals, articles and other materials that is available on money laundering. This review gives the audience an idea how much research has been done in this area. It also helps to get an idea of the worlds concept of money laundering. 2.2) Review A channel or medium is required to carry out money laundering activity. The preferred medium that a Money launderer chooses is the financial institution that is efficient and costs less while carrying out the transactions (Masciandaro, 1999).Such activities ruin the integrity of those financial institutions and affects their soundness or stability. As a result of their weak integrity, they loses the investors confidence and eventually direct foreign investments are reduced. This process in turn disturbs the long-term economic growth of the country. Barret (1997),Masciandaro and Portolano (2003), Paradise (1998) and Quirk (1997) argued in their studies that the economic and financial systems of a country are threatened by money laundering. Despite of money laundering being a global problem, there has been a little research in the area of the harmful effects on economy. Some notable exception will include Uche, C U (1999) and Masciandro, D (2000). Most of the works were done on the legal framework or to develop effective AML policies over the years. Therefore quality data on the pervasiveness or any long term pattern of the affected economy is rather limited. The origins of money laundering can be traced as far back as 1930s in organized criminal activities (Bosworth-Davies and Saltmarsh, 1994). So it is clear that the concept is not a new one. Over the years it just grew over its proportion. Financial Action Task Force defined the problem as: . . . the processing of a large number of criminal acts to generate profit for individual or group that carries out the act with the intention to disguise their illegal origin in order to legitimize the ill gotten gains of crime. Any crime that generates significant profit-extortion, drug trafficking, arms smuggling and some kind of white collar crime may create a need for money laundering (FATF 1998). According to Mulig and Smith (2004), the term money laundering was originated by the organised crime families, who used to own legitimate laundry business to disguise or launder very large amount of cash, which was in fact, earned through extortion, prostitution, gambling and drug business. United Nations office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) explained that there are two reasons why the criminals, May it be the street crime or the corporate white collar embezzlement or maybe a corrupt public official, need to launder the money because, it leaves a paper trail as evidence of their crime. Secondly, the money itself is vulnerable to seizure so it needs to be protected. In other words it is an Unfinished product to the criminal until it is cleaned. A bigger portion of literature on money laundering concentrates on the legal framework. That includes the legislation and regulations that can be traced back to the US war on drugs in 1980s (Gill and Taylor, 2004). Since then it was a concern that was growing over time. In response to that, international agreements were being made to tackle such activities amongst which, the UN was the first international organisation to combat the crime globally. Subsequently, in 1989 G-7 established FATF. In the FATF annual report (FATF, 2006b) it was stated that, most of the illegal activities are linked with corrupt practices and lack of transparency. This subsequently arises to weaker governance which results poor and ineffective use of AML policies. Those are the places that become heaven for money launderers. Their activities erode the financial system from inside while taking advantage of the volatile economy. In large scale money laundering operation, cross-border factor is always included. Therefore an international approach was a crying need to handle this problem effectively. That was also a reason why the UN and the Bank for international Settlement took the initiative to address the problem in 1980. Following the FATF formation, the regional grouping such as- Council of Europe, European Union, Organisation of American States And many others designed AML policies required and effective for their member countries. Asia, Europe, the Caribbean and southern Africa have created regional AML task force-like organizations, and similar groupings for western Africa and Latin America are being planned too. As discussed previously, second stage of money laundering widely uses the technology as one of their means of layering the dirty money, the use of it is becoming rather popular to them. The advances in technology, especially in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have benefited the whole world. Money launderers are also included in the group of beneficiaries. They take full advantage of these benefits. Modernisation in technology, particularly in ICT has brought various different ideas banks or other NBFIs to offer new products and services through new means of delivery. These new products and services and often contain fast transmission of digitized information, facilitating of fund movement and transcending distance within or across the national boundaries (Bradley and Steward,2002) and anonymity (Philippsohn,2001). According to Mishkin and Strahan (1999) and Berger (20003) speed, distance and anonymity are the key factors that are rapidly changing the financial system. However, Masciandro (1998, 99) and Philippson (2001) implied that those new benefits including e-banking and all sorts of e-money technologies have made money laundering activities even more robust. As a matter of fact, FATF (2001) on their typology report identified the online banking facility and internet as the major money laundering vehicle now days. According to Chief Financial Officer Report (2002) Technolog y changes have influenced the operating strategies of many banks and Non-banks as they seek to compete in the increasingly fast-paced and globally Inter-dependent business environment. Chapter 3 3) Methodology 3.1) introduction: In this chapter all the data that has been collected will be shown. That data will be analyzed and interpreted in to results. As this is not a very comprehensive research, All the data has been collected from secondary sources. 3.2) Data collection