Merce Cunningham Essays - Guggenheim Fellows,

Merce Cunningham Merce Cunningham: Pioneer of Modern Dance In the age of conformity, Merce Cunningham has resisted the temptation to remain aligned with his peers. Cunningham has pioneered a new school of thought in dance, and has set the standard for future pioneers. He is passionate about what he does and it has been evident in his works as a dancer and a choreographer. Cunningham was born on April 16, 1919, in Centralia, Washington. At the age of twelve, Cunningham became interested in dance and started informal instruction. Upon graduation from high school, Cunningham began his formal dance instruction at the Cornish School of Fine and Applied Arts. After two years at the Cornish School, he studied at Mills College and at Bennington College; this is where he was invited to join Martha Grahams dance company in 1939. Graham was an incredible dancer who also choreographed during her career. While dancing for Graham, Cunningham began to make a name for himself in the dancing community. It was with Grahams encouragement that Cunningham started to choreograph on his own. His decision to start choreographing can be looked at as one of the most important decisions in the history of dance. With the encouragement of John Cage, a composer, Cunningham left Martha Grahams Dance Company in 1945 to pursue a fulltime partnership with Cage. The two men would go on to have a very storied career. On the night of April 6, 1944, at the Humphrey Weidman Studio, Cunningham and Cage performed their first solo recital. In attendance that night was acclaimed dance critic, Edwin Denby. When he was actively reviewing, Edwin Denby was this countrys most respected critic of the dance(Klosty 215). Cunninghams first performance captured Denby from the very beginning with Cunninghams amazing steps, runs, and knee bends and he described them as brilliant in lightness and speed. Denby was also impressed by Cunninghams gifts as a lyric dancer. Denbys first review of Cunningham helped launch his career forward. Denby ended his review of Cunninghams first solo performance by saying I have never seen a first solo recital that combined such taste, such technical finish, such originality of dance mat erial, and so sure a manner of presentation. Before the 1940s, expressionist was the leading form of modern dance. Cunningham on the other hand, was opposed to this type of dance and started to develop his own unique form of dance. While Graham had usually structured her dances around a certain narrative, Cunningham developed choreography by chance, a technique in which isolated movements are assigned sequence by such random methods as tossing a coin(Britannica Online). Cunningham rejected the literary and psychological themes of Graham(Encarta). In 1953, Cunningham began the Merce Cunningham Dance Company at Black Mountain College. Cage became instrumental in the success and future of Cunninghams newly started Dance Company. Cage would help out in all facets of the dance company ranging from program designer to fund raiser. Cunningham and Cage shared the same belief that dance and music can survive independently of one another. This type of thought was completely different from what Cunningham had experienced with Graham. Howe ver, in some sense all of their dancing somehow revolved around music in one way or the other. The music Cunningham used in his productions would sometimes be impossible to dance to in the conventional way. John Cage was once quoted as saying: Merce Cunningham developed his own school of dancing and choreography, the continuity of which no longer relies on linear elements, be they narrative or psychological, nor does it rely on a movement towards and away from climax. As in abstract painting, it is assumed that an element (a movement, a sound, a change of light) is in and of itself expressive; what it communicates is in large part determined by the observer himself. (Merce Biography) This new style of dance demanded the most out of the dancers in Cunninghams company. Everything they knew about traditional dancing had to be forgotten in order to be successful in Cunninghams innovative style. Traditional stage space was even something that Cunningham had abandoned. Since the Renaissance Period, the center of the stage had always been the center of gravity(Klosty 12). Klosty compared the stage to a class society where the center of

Essay on Business EthicsEssay Writing Service

Essay on Business EthicsEssay Writing Service Essay on Business Ethics Essay on Business EthicsHuman life is priceless. It is impossible to attach a monetary value to human life because it would be unethical to devalue human life. According to Daniel Statman (2005), â€Å"the idea that human life is priceless might be interpreted as meaning that it is strictly incomparable with any other value†(p. 80). However, business has a strong impact on human life through its products or services. There are many examples which demonstrate close relationship between human life and business practices. Many people have to take unnecessary risks, which may lead to losing their lives. Therefore, businessmen should orient their business practices around business ethics, placing emphasis on moral and social value of business activities. According to Daniel Statman (2005), business ethics promotes the â€Å"transition of the products of business activity into usable goods that can support human life and functioning†(p.100). Thesis statement: Businesses influ ence the value of human life through the quality of products and services, but individual’s own preferences often form the basis of reckless decisions, which may lead to the end of life.As business has certain role in putting a value on a human life, it should take the lead from an individual’s own preferences. If people tend to act reckless, e.g. speeding, amateur body piercing, using over the counter medications to excess, or misusing products, like a lawnmower to trim a hedge, the government could step in, although human rights could be limited in some way. People, who do not value their lives and who prefer to act reckless, demonstrate indifference to the value of human life. The degree of knowledge regarding the reckless indifference to the value of human life stands for the awareness of an individual’s actions as intentional behavior (Gibson, 2006; Kolb, 2008).Finally, should business be held liable? In fact, it would be wrong to hold business organization s liable. People who lost their lives due to their wrongful actions or decisions are weak people.   In other words, ethical decisions depend on an individual’s responsibility. The products and services provided by business organizations cannot influence an individual’s decision, which may lead to the end of life (Machan Chesher, 2002; Statman, 2005). Businesses should not be liable because ethical decision making is an individual’s responsibility.As a matter of fact, the government could step in with the proper regulations and policies to help people realize the significance of ethical principles and moral responsibility and to assess the negative consequences of recklessness in decision making. As business organizations have developed high responsibility towards their clients, there is maximum protection provided by businesses in terms of safety and the proper testing of products before entering the market (Newton, 2008). It would be wrong to place a price t ag on human life. Human life should be protected by the government. However if an individual is going to do something reckless, holding a business organization responsible for his/her actions would be unfair.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is necessary to conclude that business ethics can be applied to any individual, but businesses are not liable for the recklessness of individuals. Businesses play certain role in putting a value on a human life. However, an individual’s preferences form the basis of many reckless decisions. In other words, if people tend to act reckless, the government could step in by means of certain policies and programs. Essay on Business EthicsEssay Writing Service Essay on Business Ethics Essay on Business EthicsHuman life is priceless. It is impossible to attach a monetary value to human life because it would be unethical to devalue human life. According to Daniel Statman (2005), â€Å"the idea that human life is priceless might be interpreted as meaning that it is strictly incomparable with any other value†(p. 80). However, business has a strong impact on human life through its products or services. There are many examples which demonstrate close relationship between human life and business practices. Many people have to take unnecessary risks, which may lead to losing their lives. Therefore, businessmen should orient their business practices around business ethics, placing emphasis on moral and social value of business activities. According to Daniel Statman (2005), business ethics promotes the â€Å"transition of the products of business activity into usable goods that can support human life and functioning†(p.100). Thesis statement: Businesses influ ence the value of human life through the quality of products and services, but individual’s own preferences often form the basis of reckless decisions, which may lead to the end of life.As business has certain role in putting a value on a human life, it should take the lead from an individual’s own preferences. If people tend to act reckless, e.g. speeding, amateur body piercing, using over the counter medications to excess, or misusing products, like a lawnmower to trim a hedge, the government could step in, although human rights could be limited in some way. People, who do not value their lives and who prefer to act reckless, demonstrate indifference to the value of human life. The degree of knowledge regarding the reckless indifference to the value of human life stands for the awareness of an individual’s actions as intentional behavior (Gibson, 2006; Kolb, 2008).Finally, should business be held liable? In fact, it would be wrong to hold business organization s liable. People who lost their lives due to their wrongful actions or decisions are weak people.   In other words, ethical decisions depend on an individual’s responsibility. The products and services provided by business organizations cannot influence an individual’s decision, which may lead to the end of life (Machan Chesher, 2002; Statman, 2005). Businesses should not be liable because ethical decision making is an individual’s responsibility.As a matter of fact, the government could step in with the proper regulations and policies to help people realize the significance of ethical principles and moral responsibility and to assess the negative consequences of recklessness in decision making. As business organizations have developed high responsibility towards their clients, there is maximum protection provided by businesses in terms of safety and the proper testing of products before entering the market (Newton, 2008). It would be wrong to place a price t ag on human life. Human life should be protected by the government. However if an individual is going to do something reckless, holding a business organization responsible for his/her actions would be unfair.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is necessary to conclude that business ethics can be applied to any individual, but businesses are not liable for the recklessness of individuals. Businesses play certain role in putting a value on a human life. However, an individual’s preferences form the basis of many reckless decisions. In other words, if people tend to act reckless, the government could step in by means of certain policies and programs.

Rebellious RiskTaking Youth More Likely to Smoke essays

Rebellious RiskTaking Youth More Likely to Smoke essays Results of a recent study suggest that rebellious, risk-taking kids as young as 11 are more likely to smoke by the time they reach high school. According to the report, children who demonstrate these personality traits in the 5th grade are most likely to smoke in the 12th grade. Targeting smoking in high school students is important since studies have shown that adolescents who smoke daily in the 12th grade are likely to become established smokers as adults. Results of the study, published in the March issue of Preventive Medicine, show a strong association between rebelliousness in males in the 5th grade and daily smoking in the 12th grade. For example, the most rebellious males were three times more likely to become smokers than the least rebellious males. Risk-taking most strongly correlated with smoking among females, the investigators found. To be sure, a youngster who is a rebellious risk-taker is not necessarily destined to become a smoker. While these children may be may be more likely to smoke than their more conventional peers, the influence of family and peers also plays a role. The risk of smoking for a rebellious individual may either increase or decrease depending on whether his or her social environment also involves smoking parents, siblings, or peers. About 19% of 12th-grade students are daily smokers. Despite efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking among adolescents, rates have climbed over the past decade ...

Fuel cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fuel cells - Research Paper Example The fuel cell also comprises of an electrolyte which functions to transfer the electrically charged components across electrodes. According to the University of Stathclyde Engineering (2015), fuel cells convert the energy from convectional fuels directly into direct current electrical energy. This results in added advantages in the use of fuel cells during the production of electricity. The major advantages associated with the use of fuel cells in the production of electricity include high efficiency, reliability and responsivity levels, low production of emissions, flexible use of fuels, flexibility in the size and application of the fuel cells, a longer life and the quiet mode of operation. In regard to high efficiency levels, fuel cells have been established to be better efficient due to lack of thermodynamic laws known to limit Carnot Cycle efficiencies. Theoretically, fuel cells can attain efficiency levels of 83% which is however lower in practice and stands at 50%. The operation mechanism of fuel cells operation ensures increased efficacy due to the lack of an intermediate conversion into heat that is the case with conventional power schemes. Fuel cells have also been established to attain full power of operation with half an hour and their high responsivity (Fuel Cells, 2015). With the use of fuel cells in the production of electricity, only a quester of th e maintenance procedures currently used in convectional power production techniques is required. Apart from the preferred fuel for use in fuel cells which is hydrogen, several other alternatives are present including biogas, coal, propane, methanol, ethanol, petroleum among others. This presents an increased flexibility in fuel requirements and its lack of pollution and noise disturbance increases its suitability as a power production method. Following the flexibility in fuel requirements for use in the production of power using a fuel

CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

CASE STUDY - Essay Example Although the quotation given by him was $200,000 higher than what Frank wanted, they agreed to proceed with agreement pending negotiations (Crawford 2012 p.57). Early January the following year, Frank sent Jack from Boston to St. Paul in order to confer with the EMFs superintendent. Byers was identified as the final superintendent during the job, after meeting Byers; Jack went ahead as instructed to assess labor situation. In addition, the most important deal was to meet Bye and the prospective subcontractor, Elnicky and give him quotation that indicated the reduction of the initial bid and possibly got the job started. Frank had given Jack quotation prepared by Sullivan, although he had not seen the initial contract for the job. This was certainly the greatest error that happened ahead of the unfolding legal debate. On 22nd January, Jack made the first visit to the Midwest office. During the hearing, he noted that it was the first time he was encountering Jack, and he had identified himself as part of Sullivan team. In what remains a legal argument, Jack allegedly had claimed he had "a piece of it" implying he suggested that he was among the owners of Sullivan. Although Jack denied vehemently, Elnicky admits that he did not bother to ask the official position of Jack within the Sullivan neither did he request for a formal written document (Crawford 2012 p.59). Besides, what caused legal controversy is the fact that he testified that Jack had no objection when he suggested that he wanted to take over the entire job from Sullivan. Besides, he agreed to get a copy of the prime contract to the Midwest in preparation for a takeover. On 23rd Tuesday, a historic event happened when Jack availed the prime contract copy from Sullivan and handed it over to him. On 24th January, Jack made a call informing Frank the ongoing discussion with Midwest, a decision that Frank disagreed since EMF wanted Sullivan in the job. Just before Jack left for

History of Management in Criminal Justice Agencies Essay

History of Management in Criminal Justice Agencies - Essay Example e way the United States criminal justice system has been managed over the past few decades, with former English customs and laws playing a significant role in influencing the contemporary system (Randolph, 2005). The criminal justice system includes parole and probation officers, correction officers, court officers, investigators and line officers. In the early days of the English law enforcement instituted by Alfred the Great, police forces were formed by loyal families who patrolled their regions. They appointed their own leaders, known as reeves, to oversee and coordinate the wider alliances (Friedman, 1993). The reeves later came to be known as sheriffs. To ensure the loyalty of the sheriffs, the power of appointing them was taken over by William the conqueror when he came into power. In the early 18th century, the system established by William the conqueror was borrowed by Philadelphia, Boston and New York with each having 10 official patrol areas (Randolph, 2005). The 19th cent ury industrialization and population growth brought about the need for police departments in municipals. Although New York and Philadelphia had 24 hour police force in service by 1830, some counties still operate under the sheriff system today. The difference is that the sheriffs are not appointed through local governments, but rather elected by citizens. Today, managers within the criminal justice system are knowledgeable in security, police and disaster management fields. Within the judiciary, before the revolution, American courts followed laws that Great Britain had handed down to them. However, the settlers and colonists later rejected the English laws because they did not grant them equal rights as Englishmen under The Great Charter of the Liberties of England (Friedman, 1993). They rejected attempts to be governed by the English Parliament from overseas yet they were not accorded representation. The subsequent rebellion ended in the American Revolution. With the adoption of the

Managing Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Managing Homeland Security - Essay Example Emergency managers, in their pursuit of tackling critical problems, need to make the best use of available resources, and act efficiently during disaster situations. Although the role of an emergency manager is magnified only during problematic conditions, his work is nevertheless an on-going process. The department of emergency management is required to prepare in advance for potential disasters, respond effectively during disasters, and ensure the well-being and settlement of residents after the disasters are over. Emergency Management departments try their best to make sure that the opportunity cost of emergency management actions such as emergency preparedness and hazard are less than the long-term losses incurred from maximum credible disasters. As the Emergency Management Coordinator, it is my job to have proper hazard and vulnerability analysis of the city conducted frequently, and facilitate training to task-forces, as well as citizens to ensure that the city is prepared to handle catastrophic situations at all times. These trainings can be done in the form physical exercises and drills, or dissemination of safety information. Also included as part of my duty is the creation of new positions and policies for the innovative and initiated minds, redefining responsibilities and considering budget requirements. Moreover, I shall endeavour to form coalitions with banks, insurance companies, local government agencies, and other forms of community groups so as to reduce disaster losses to the city and its residents. When a situation arises, it is important that emergency managers work in collaboration with other public service and safety departments like the police force, fire department and paramedics. To achieve unanimity of purpose, an emergency manager can work towards ensuring that public safety departments are in frequent contact with each other, and information flows through them without barriers of